Acoustics of the saxophone

Bb tenor saxophone

C#5

Music Acoustics UNSW

Conventional Fingering

Impedance

Fingering
a key depressed
a key not depressed
a hole covered
a hole uncovered
a part of the mechanism that is not normally touched
Details in fingering legend.

Acoustic schematic
a closed tone hole
an open tone hole

Non-specialist introduction to acoustic impedance
Non-specialist introduction to saxophone acoustics

Notes are the written pitch.
Frequencies are the sounding frequency, for Bb saxophone.
Unless otherwise stated, the impedance spectrum is for a Bb saxophone.


Impedance spectrum of a Bb saxophone measured using fingering for C#5.

Note how similar this spectrum is to that for F#3. (Of course, the clarinet overblows a 12th.) The only substantial difference is the reduction in the first peak. The purpose of the speaker key is just that: to destroy the fundamental resonance so that the instrument will not 'drop down' to the lower register. See register hole for details.

At frequencies below about 1.1 kHz, this curve looks rather like that for B4 or C5, but raised in frequency because the tube is effectively shorter because of the open tone holes. At higher frequencies, however, the waves propagate past the open tone holes with greater ease, and the situation is more complicated, which gives rise to the irregular shape around 1.2 kHz. (See cut-off frequencies.)

For a general discussion of the clarino register, see the description on B4.

Sound


Sound spectrum of a Bb saxophone played using fingering for C#5.
For more explanation, see Introduction to saxophone acoustics

Sound Clip

You can hear C#5 played.

Alternative Fingering

Bb saxophone

Impedance

Fingering
a key depressed
a key not depressed
a hole covered
a hole uncovered
a part of the mechanism that is not normally touched
Details in fingering legend.

Acoustic schematic
a closed tone hole
an open tone hole

Non-specialist introduction to acoustic impedance
Non-specialist introduction to saxophone acoustics

Notes are the written pitch.
Frequencies are the sounding frequency, for Bb saxophone.
Unless otherwise stated, the impedance spectrum is for a Bb saxophone.


Impedance spectrum of a Bb saxophone measured using alternative fingering for XX.

Sound


Sound spectrum of a Bb saxophone played using alternative fingering for XX.
For more explanation, see Introduction to saxophone acoustics

Sound Clip

You can hear XX played with alternative fingering.
Fingering legend
How were these results obtained?

Contact: Joe Wolfe / J.Wolfe@unsw.edu.au
phone 61-2-9385-4954 (UT +10, +11 Oct-Mar)
© 1997-2007 Music Acoustics UNSW