History of Science & Astronomy: The Renaissance
1543 Nicolaus Copernicus: Heliocentric cosmology in De Revolutionibus (circles).
1573 Tycho Brahe: De stella nova in Cassiopeia - precise observations.
1619 Johannes Kepler: Three (empirical) laws of planetary motion (ellipses).
1610 Galileo Galilei: Telescope shows an imperfect, non-geocentric universe.
- Dialogue on the Two New Sciences